GLOSSARY
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Accredited expert :Experts whose name appears on lists drawn up by bodies such as customs, courts, and auction houses experts not on these lists may also be called in, if widely recognised for their high level of knowledge and experience..
Acrylic : This is a picture painted with an emulsion got from dispersion in the water of the pigments crushed in a latex (thermoplastic resin).
Artist’s proof (E.A) : run-on pieces from a regular production printing. Often numbered in Roman numerals and regulated in some countries. “EA” French abbreviation for épreuve d’artiste.
Abstract style : A work that does not attempt to reproduce the real world, and its subject is with difficulty recognizable. This style is the opposite of the representational style, and is often called "non-representational"..
Balance : refers to the way the elements of art are arranged to create a feeling of stability in a work; an harmonious arrangement or proportion of parts or areas in a composition.
Canon: model with ideal proportions.
Colour : impression produced by different quality of radiating light .
Composition : position of the elements in a picture.
Contrast : distinctive and important difference between 2 colours, 2 shapes, 2 lines...
Conceptual style : reflects the spirit of the author, reproducing his idea in a work without caring about the aspect of this one.
Depth of field : succession of plans in an picture which gives an impression of depth. This is an hypothetical distance between plans. In photography, this is the distance between the nearest and farthest point refers to the importance of blurred and clear zones. The bigger the depth of field, the clearer the subjects. The fainter the depth of field the more some parts are blurred.
Digigraphie : For several years, photographers, sculptors and painters, as well as service providers (photo laboratories and lithographic studios), have been using the technology of Epson printers to produce prints on art paper. This in turn has opened the doors to a new discipline: the digital reproduction of a work of art.(Photography, painting, collage, drawing, watercolour, digital creation, etc…).The digigraphie® label was created by Epson.
Drawing : Depiction of shapes and forms on a surface chiefly by means of line.
Dripping
: Drip painting is a form of abstract art in which paint is dripped or poured onto the canvas.
Drip painting was however to find particular illustration in the work of the mid-twentieth century artist Jackson Pollock. Pollock found drip painting to his liking; later using the technique almost exclusively, he would make use of such unusual tools as sticks, hardened brushes and even basting syringes to create large and lively abstract works.
Engraving: intaglio technique in which a metal plate is manually incised with a burin, an engraving tool like a very fine chisel with a lozenge-shaped tip. The burin makes incisions into the metal at various angles and with varying pressure which dictates the quantity of ink the line can hold – hence variations in width and darkness when printed. The technique of engraving metal dates from classical antiquity as a method of decorating objects.
Etching art : engraving process with hollow in metal.
Expert (in art) : A person with a high degree of skill in or knowledge, responsible for estimate the authenticity and the value of work of art, his responsibility is held liable for 10 years.
Figurative style : The subject of the work are objects, characters or scenes represented in a more or less realistic way. More resemblance in the reality is called the hyperrealism.
Figure : depicts something or someone or an outside form.
Form : handmade paper. It is also an area limited by an outline, depicts or something not recognizable.
Format : describes the dimension of the frame.
Genre : Category expressing the nature of the subject treated by the artist. The genre can be a group of subjects having something in common. (example: Mountain landscape and industrial landscape are two different subjects but belong to the same genre).
“Giclée” : From French, is an invented name for the process of making Fine art prints from a digital source using ink-jet printing. The word "giclée" is coming from the French language word "le gicleur" meaning "nozzle", or more specifically "gicler" meaning "to squirt, spurt, or spray. Wide variety of substrates are available including various textures and finishes such as matte photo paper, watercolour paper, cotton canvas, or artist textured vinyl. Artists tend to use these types of inkjet printing processes commonly called "Giclée" to make reproductions of their original two-dimensional artwork, photographs or computer generated art.
Gift law : delivery of artistic work for a payment of tax (essentially succession, sharing).
Gradation : smoothly nuanced, step-by-step change from dark to light values or from large to small shapes, or rough to smooth textures, or one color to another.
Grape : Paper format 50 x 65 cm.
Hint : light brush stroke.
Hue : describes the general impression which gives off colours.
Impasto : thick application of painting or deep brush mark on paint surface.
Imprinting : printed work using technique of relief or hollowing out, in contrast to flat techniques as lithography and silkscreen.
Intaglio: is a family of printmaking technique in which the image is incised into a surface, known as the matrix or plate.
Installation : Installation art describes an artistic genre of site-specific, three-dimensional works intended to change the perception of a space..
Generally, the term is applied to interior spaces, whereas exterior interventions are often called Land art; however the limits between these terms overlap. Installation art can be either temporary or permanent. Installation artworks have been built in exhibition spaces such as museums and galleries, as well as public and private spaces. The genre incorporates a very broad range of everyday and natural materials, which are often chosen for their evocative qualities, as well as new media such as video, sound, performance, immersive virtual reality and the internet. Many installations are site-specific in that they are designed to exist only in the space for which they were shapped.
Landscape : area of a country which is seen by the spectator and depicts scenery such as valleys, trees, rivers, forests and mountains.
Line : A mark with direction and length.
Line-engraving : Set of manual processes of engraving on metal.
Lithography : Embossment this technique is based on the way water and greasy crayons repel each other..
Matter : possibility of creating shapes with this malleable and divisible substance.
Matter effect : proper result by using the matter, thick painting or particular natural aspect of some matters.
Medium: Painting, sculpture, drawing, printmaking are all media of art in the meaning of the type of art. The term can also refer to the materials of the work. For example, a sculpture in the medium of bronze or marble, a painting in medium of oil paint on canvas, a drawing in the medium of pencil or crayon.
Mixed technique : Term indicating a diverse mixture of various techniques in a picture.
Monochrome : Diverse nuance of a same colour.
Movement : can be shown by repetition of shapes, lines, strokes of brush, contrast between blurred zone and clear zone.
Nuance : sometimes very light variations, gradations of the same colour.
Numbering : Some work of art are numbered for knowing the printing. The first figure shows the order, the second the total number.
Oil : said about a picture painted with oil painting.
Painting : flat surface painted with coloured matter with the same name. Work of art got by this technique called also picture, canvas.
Palette : it can be two things : wood flat support where the artist places his painting or set of colours included in the composition of the picture.
Patina : describes the colour of a sculpture which can be chosen by the artist and can come from the progressive action of the time on the original colour.
Performance : artistic action which the object is not to get a result but more based an approach to do an event of it.
Perspective : drawing technique which enables to depict objects on two-dimensional surface, to project the illusion of the volume and space.
Picture : picturial work done on a rigid and self-supported stand.
Pigment : Main constituent of the picture which are diverse coloured powders from mineral, animal or vegetable origin.
Plans : mean dimensions of the subject in its frame.
Portrait : is a picture, a drawing or a photo of a person. When the autor does the image of himself this is a self-portrait. May refer as well to vertically orientated rectangle.
Primary colour : the blue, yellow and red are pure colours got without any mixture. Each colour mixed one by one allow to get complementary colours.
Proportion : Comparison of the dimensions of the various elements some with regard to the others.
Quoted value : Financial value of the work of an artist, based on numerous parameters (economic, artistic) Value of the painting point.
Reproduction : Image on paper as faithful as possible to the original and unique work. Factory produced without venal value.
Rythm : Indicating some elements of a composition seeming to transcribe a rehearsal, a succession, a chain (a sequence of movements).
Scale : reference which sets by convention measurements equivalence.
Sculpture : depiction of an object in 3 dimensions. Set of techniques which tend to this finality.
Seascape : means that the subject of the picture is the sea or shows a portion of the sea.
Signature : Particular sign applied by the artist on the bottom of his work proven that he is author.
Silkscreen : Reproduction of a drawing or image by using a brush loaded with colouring or ink through parts jagged of a cardboard or metal sheet.
Stand : Instrument on which rests(bases) the painting or the pigments (cardboard, paper, painting (cloth).
Stencil : Piece in metal or cardboard which permit to paint the matter with a brush and a rag without going over the shape and cutting up.
Still life : picture of inanimate object such as food, flowers, books, etc.....
Style : Particular manner to treat the matter and shapes in order to make a work of art, set of characters of a work which enables to classify it with others in a set creating an aesthetic type.
Surface : Outside part of work.
Technique : describes the aspect of work, completion.
Tint : colour which we get from the mixture of several others colours.
Tone : colour seen by its shine.
Touch : to mark by strokes of the brush, pencil, or the like.
"Trait" : light line using to draw on paper or other support what you want to depict.
Type : technique used for the creation of a work of art. We distinguish pictures, drawings, engraving, sculptures, photos.
Valuation : Price determination of a transaction
Value : this is the intensity of a tone depending on light and shade.
Vanishing point : Place of the horizon when parallel lines seem to meet in linear perspective.
Wash tint : similar technique as the watercolour by using an ink more or less diluted with water, black or sepia which enables to create cameo.
Watercolour : painting technique using water as a medium to dilute the pigments.
Workmanship: describes the quality of the work (bad or good)
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